KTET Syllabus 2026: Detailed Exam Pattern & Official PDF Download

The official KTET Syllabus 2026 and updated exam pattern have been released. Candidates can download the latest Kerala TET syllabus for Categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 directly from this guide. We have provided a comprehensive breakdown of the syllabus and marking scheme below.

KTET Syllabus 2026

A solid grasp of the official syllabus is the foundation of a high-scoring preparation strategy. Result91 provides a detailed analysis of the KTET Syllabus 2026, enabling aspirants to prioritize high-yield topics and optimize their study schedules. Mastering the syllabus is essential for clearing the exam and securing your teaching career in Kerala.

Kerala TET Exam Pattern 2026

The KTET syllabus is structured to test core pedagogical skills and subject-specific expertise across different teaching categories. It encompasses Child Development and Pedagogy, Language I & II, Mathematics, Environmental Studies, and advanced subject modules. Aligning your studies with the official Kerala Government syllabus ensures that you cover every critical learning objective required to pass the examination.

KTET Syllabus 2026
Organization	Pareeksha Bhavan, Kerala/ Kerala Government Education Board (KGB)
Exam Name	Kerala Teacher Eligibility Test (KTET)
State	Kerala
Level	Category I (Lower Primary Classes) Category II (Upper Primary Classes) Category III (High School Classes) and Category IV (for Language Teachers – Arabic, Hindi, Sanskrit, Urdu (up to Upper Primary classes), Specialist Teachers (Art & Crafts), and Physical Education Teachers.
Exam Mode	Online/Offline
Exam Language	Language for Category-1,2,4 will be Malayalam or English The language for Category 3 will be English only.
Duration Of Exam	2:30 Hour
Total Marks	150
Total Questions	150

KTET Category I Exam Pattern -(Lower Primary Classes)

Aspirants aiming for Lower Primary teaching positions should prioritize the KTET Category I exam pattern. This stage tests foundational teaching competencies through five key subjects: Child Development and Pedagogy, Regional Language (Malayalam, Tamil, or Kannada), English or Arabic, Mathematics, and Environmental Studies.

KTET Category I Exam Pattern -(Lower Primary Classes)
S.No.	Subjects	No. of Questions	Marks
1	Child Development and Pedagogy	30	30
2	Tamil/Kannada/Malayalam	30	30
3	English/ Arabic	30	30
4	Mathematics	30	30
5	Environmental Studies	30	30
	Total	150	150

Kerala TET Category I Syllabus

Below is the comprehensive Kerala TET Category I syllabus. Review these topics systematically to ensure a thorough understanding of the exam requirements.

CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND PEDAGOGY 30 Questions

Child Development and Learning (15 Questions)

Methods of studying child behaviour – observation, case study, Interviews, Psychological tests, etc.
Concept of development
Principles of Growth and Development
Influence of Heredity and environment on human development
Concept of learning
Basic theories of learning: Conditioning (Pavlov, Skinner); Insight learning (Gestalt); cognitive learning (Piaget, Bruner, and Vygotsky)
Relation between development and learning: learner readiness of maturation
Piaget, Kohlberg, and Vygotsky: Constructs and critical perspectives.
Concept of child-centred and progressive education – Activity-based method of Teaching and Learning, Problem-Based Learning
Critical perspectives of the construct of intelligence (Theories of Spearman, Guilford, Thurston,e and Gardner).
Language and Thought (Basic perspectives of Piaget, Chomsky, and Vygotsky).
Gender as a social construct: Gender Roles, gender bias and educational practice
Individual differences among learners, understanding differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, community, religion, etc.
The distinction between – Assessment for learning and Assessment of learning – school-based Assessment (Internal assessment)
Continuous and comprehensive evaluation: Perspectives and practice
Assessing learner achievement – grading
Personality development – the concept of personality and basic approaches to personality (Psychoanalytic and Trait) – Adjustment mechanisms

Concepts of inclusive education and supporting children with special needs (5 Questions)

Concept of exceptional children
Concept of children with special needs (CWSN)
Addressing learners from diverse backgrounds, including disadvantaged and deprived
Concept of learning disability (LD) – Addressing the needs of children with learning disabilities
Addressing the Talented, creative, specially-abled children

Learning and pedagogical methodology (10 Questions)

How children think and learn: how and why children fail to achieve success in school performance
Different factors influencing learning and achievement
The basic process of teaching and learning: Children’s strategies of learning – Learning as a social activity – social context of learning
Child as a problem solver and ‘scientific investigator’ (concept of the nature of child by Piaget, Bruner, and Vygotsky)
Alternative concepts of learning in children: Understanding children’s ‘errors’ as significant steps in the learning process (Self–corrective nature of the child)
Cognition and Emotions – Emotion – Basic Emotions – characteristics of childhood emotionality. Emotional Development (Bridges) – cognition (Thinking, Reasoning, Problem-solving, and Investigation)
Motivation and learning – How does motivation influence learning? – Maslow’s theory of motivation
Factors contributing to learning – Personal and environmental

2. LANGUAGE I – MALAYALAM/ KANNADA/TAMIL

TAMIL: 30 Questions

Reading Comprehension – Prose (5 Questions)

Comprehension of theme
Interpretation
Inference

2. Reading Comprehension (Poem) (5 Questions)

Comprehension of themes
Poetic images
Interpretation

3. Pedagogy of Mother Tongue Education: Classes I–V (10 Questions)

Principles of Language Learning
Classroom practices
Inclusion of differently-abled children
Methodology of Curriculum Transaction

4. Language, Literature, and Cultural Studies (10 Questions)

Books and Authors
Functional Grammar
Proverbs
Forms of Literature
Tamil Festivals

KANNADA: 30 Questions

Reading comprehension – Prose (5 Questions)

Comprehension of Theme
Interpretation
Inference

2. Reading Comprehension (Poem) (5 Questions)

Comprehension of Theme
Poetic images

3. Pedagogical aspects of the Kannada Language: Classes 1 to 5 (10 Questions)

Principles of Language Learning
Classroom Practices
Inclusion of differently-abled children
Methodology of curriculum transaction

4. History of Language, Literature, and Culture (10 Questions)

Idioms, Phrases, and Usages
Functional grammar
Proverbs
Rhythms

3. LANGUAGE II – ENGLISH/ARABIC

ENGLISH 30 Questions

Language II consists of 30 marks, evenly split between language comprehension and pedagogical theory. Each question is worth one mark. The comprehension segment utilizes unseen passages and poems to evaluate reading skills, grammatical knowledge, and verbal aptitude.

Language Comprehension (15 Questions)

Comprehension passage: The unfamiliar passages are intended to check factual, inferential, analytical, and evaluative comprehension.
Grammar: Language elements included in the Course books of standard I to V, Such as :

Article
Concord
Interrogatives
Yes / No Questions
‘wh’ – Questions
Question tags
Prepositions
Tense and Time
Determiners
Phrasal verbs
Gerunds
Reflexive Pronouns
Linkers
Auxiliaries

3. Verbal Ability:

Vocabulary
Inflections
Affixes
- Prefix
- Suffix
Antonyms, Synonyms
Idioms and Phrases

Pedagogy of language development (15 Questions)

Questions are aligned with the current Kerala Primary School curriculum for English.

Language Acquisition and Learning
Learning vs acquisition – Major schools of thought.
Principles of Language Learning
Constructivism – Social Constructivism – Critical Pedagogy – Error Treatment – Cognitivism
Language and Thought
Different views of Whorf, Piaget, Vygotsky, and Chomsky – Relationship between language and thought.
Objectives of Teaching English
Relevance of English – Curricular Objectives.
Language skills and communication skills
Ways of improving language/communication skills – classroom activities – tools.
ICT-based aids in language teaching
Modern Strategies
Nurturing multiple intelligences
Instruction to cater to individual differences – Teaching learners with special needs.
Evaluation
continuous and comprehensive evaluation – assessment of skills and products.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 30 Questions

Content ( 20 questions)

Family → Relationships, jobs, and duties of family members
Water → Water sources, conservation of water, water pollution, prevention of water pollution
Agriculture → Different types of agriculture, tools of agriculture, agricultural products, herbal garden
Vehicles → Types of vehicles used
Soil → Different soils, soil pollution. Prevention of soil pollution, soil erosion
Earth → Ecosystem, environmental protection, the impact of pollution on Earth,
remedial measures
Shelters → Types of shelters, characteristics of animal shelters
Diseases → Different types of diseases, causes, remedial measures, and healthy habits
Food → Types of food – natural and artificial foods, their merits and demerits
Jobs → Types of jobs, different types of tools
Public Institute → Services provided by the public institute
Energy → Types of energy, conservation of energy
Animal world → Varieties of animals, movement, food habits, and uses of animals
Plants → Variety of plants – uses – herbal garden, photosynthesis
First aid → Different types of first aid needed for a first aid box
Solar system → Plants, stars, sky, water
Air → Importance of nature, air pollution, remediation
Light → Eye, protection of the eye, sources of light. reflection of light, shadow.

2. Pedagogy (10 Questions)

Science → Scope, meaning, history of science, the role of science in human development
Aims of learning science → Cognitive area, process skill area, scientific attitude, application area, and scientific creativity
Supplementary activities for enhancing science learning → Bulletin board, science club, wall magazine, day celebrations, quiz, etc
Scientific process → Steps in the scientific process
Different process skills → It’s developmental strategies
Characteristics of science teaching
Approaches of science teaching → Nature of learning activities, evaluation process, etc
Integrated Approach in Environmental Science
Evaluation strategy in science classes → Grading
Different strategies in the science teaching-learning process → Projects, seminars, debates, experiments, field trips, etc
Role of the science teacher
Learning aids → need, scope
Unit analysis → Comprehensive planning – teaching manual
Pedagogic analysis
Analysis of the primary science curriculum
Action Research
Evaluation system → Grading – continuous evaluation – preparation and administration of evaluation tools

5. MATHEMATICS: 30 Questions

The exam focuses on the Kerala State Mathematics syllabus for classes 1 to 5, with some advanced problems designed to test the application and extension of these concepts toward the secondary level.

Content (20 questions)

Numbers :
Natural Numbers: Place value, ordering, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of natural numbers, factors and multiples, prime numbers, and practical problems.
Fractions: A fraction of a measure, such as a meter, litre, or gram. Fractional parts of objects. Equal fractions, Operations on fractions. The decimal representation of fractions is related to metric units of length, volume, and weight. Operations on decimals, practical problems.
Geometry: Perimeter of rectilinear figures (polygons), area of rectangles, patterns of geometrical figures, and practical problems.
Measurements: Basic operations in solving problems involving length, weight, capacity, time, money, and practical problems.

2. Pedagogy

Nature of Mathematics: Abstraction, Understanding children’s thinking and reasoning. Language of Mathematics.
Place of Mathematics in Curriculum: Aims and objectives of learning mathematics in primary classes – Values of mathematics learning, Correlation with other subjects, Lower Primary and Upper Primary Mathematics, curriculum, syllabus
Mathematics – Trends and Developments: Historical Development of mathematics, great mathematician, and their contributions
Approach to Mathematics Learning: Proper learning experience, keeping in mind the characteristics of children, their natural learning capacity, and the learning process. Theoretical basis of learning mathematics
The teaching of Mathematics – Strategies and Methods: Teaching strategies – Concept attainment, process-oriented teaching, projects, seminars, assignments, field trips. Different teaching-learning methods –Inductive and deductive methods, analytic and synthetic methods, project methods, and laboratory methods.
Learning Materials in Mathematics: Textbook and handbooks, information technology, mathematics club, mathematics laboratory, mathematics fair, mathematics library, collecting mathematical puzzles and riddles.
Mathematics Learning – Evaluation: Concept of a continuous and comprehensive evaluation, evaluation activities, grading and recording of the results, diagnosis, remedial teaching, and error analysis.

KTET Category II Exam Pattern -(Upper Primary Classes)

Candidates preparing for Upper Primary levels (KTET Category II) must master the exam pattern: 150 questions totaling 150 marks. The paper covers Child Development and Pedagogy, two language sections, and a specialization paper (Mathematics & Science or Social Science). This structure assesses your ability to teach effectively while maintaining deep subject knowledge.

KTET Category II Exam Pattern -(Upper Primary Classes)
S.No.	Subjects	No. of Questions	Marks
1	Child Development and Pedagogy	30	30
2	Tamil/Kannada/Malayalam/English	30	30
3	English/Malayalam	30	30
4	Mathematics & Science Or Social Studies/Social Science Or any other subject teacher	60	60
	Total	150	150

KTET Category II Syllabus

CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND PEDAGOGY 30 Questions

Child Development (Elementary Stage): (15 Questions)

Concept of development and its relation with learning: Growth and Development – stages of development – Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence – Maturation – Relationship between development, Maturation, and learning. Principles of development of children – Major principles of growth and development – Implications of learning. Influence of Heredity and Environment – Role of Heredity and Environment on the development of a child -Teacher’s role.
Socialization Process: Concept of Socialization – Social world and children: Role of family, peers, teachers in the process of socialization – a pattern of social development – Erick Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development.
Piaget, Kohlberg, Vygotsky – Constructs and Critical Perspectives: Cognitive development theory of Piaget, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development – Vygotsky’s theory of social constructivism – Educational Implications.
Concept of child-centred and progressive Education.Concept of child-centeredness – Individual difference – Methods of teaching and learning – Activity methods – Concept of progressive education – Role of teacher.
Critical perspective of the construct of Intelligence: Concept of Intelligence – Theories of intelligence – factor theories – S-I model of Intellect – Multiple intelligences – Concept of IQ – Intelligence Tests (Examples) – Sternberg’s Information processing theory.
Language and Thought: Language development – stages, Theories – Piaget, Vygotsky, Chomsky – Relationship between language and thought -approaches to language learning and teaching.
Gender as a social construct: Gender Roles, bias, educational practices – Gender equality – teacher’s role.
Individual differences among learners: Understanding differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, community, religion, etc. Individual difference – socio-cultural determinants
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation : (CCE) Concept – Assessment to learning – strategies – Cumulative records, Anecdotal records, Portfolios Assessment Techniques. – Feedback
Nature of prior learning: Readiness for learning – Strategies for assessment – Encouraging critical thinking – Teacher’s role.

Inclusive Education (5 Questions): Addressing diversity in the classroom, including learning disabilities (LD), mental retardation (MR), sensory impairments, and social/cultural deprivation. It also covers identification and teaching strategies for gifted and specially-abled children.

Learning and Pedagogy (10 Questions):

Focuses on identifying intellectual, emotional, social, and creative needs to provide customized support for individual learners.

Process of teaching and learning: Creating Learning situations – criteria of learning experiences – different modes of learning – social learning (Bandura) – co-operative and collaborative learning, Group discussion – Role of Teacher.
Cognitive Process and Emotions : Perception – concept formation – thinking – Imagination – Reasoning – Inductive and deductive – Problem-solving – Memory – Emotional development – characteristics, Emotional maturity, Emotional Intelligence – Emotional Quittance (EQ)
Motivation and Learning: Learning – Factors affecting Learning – Theories of Learning – Pavlov, Thorndike, Skinner, Gagne’s hierarchy of learning, Insightful learning (Kohler) – Constructivism – Piaget, Bruner, Vygotsky, Ausubel – Educational Implications. Motivation – Concept, types – Importance to learning – Theories of motivation – Abraham Maslow, McClelland
Personality and adjustment : Concept – Approaches – Type, Trait – Allport – Measurement of personality – Projective and Nonprojective techniques – Adjustment Mechanisms

2. LANGUAGE I – MALAYALAM/ENGLISH/TAMIL/KANNADA

ENGLISH 30 Questions

1. Language Comprehension (15 Questions)

An unfamiliar passage or poem with questions on reading comprehension, inference, vocabulary, and language elements.
Questions to evaluate the knowledge of basic grammar, such as Tense forms, Articles, Prepositions, and Linkers.

2. Pedagogy of Language Development 15 Questions

Language Acquisition and Learning – Theories and Their Classroom Implications.
Principles of Language Teaching
Language skills – Strategies to develop them
Problems and challenges in language classrooms
Teaching learning materials – Textbook, ICT, and other teaching aids.
Learner Assessment – Self, Peer, Teacher
Strategies for teaching children with special needs (CWSN)
Teacher Attitude and Aptitude

TAMIL: 30 Questions

1. Reading Comprehension – Prose 5 Questions

Comprehension of theme
Interpretation
Inference

2. Reading Comprehension – Poem. 5 Questions

Poetic images
Comprehension of themes
Interpretation
Extended Meaning

3. Pedagogical aspects of Mother tongue education – Class – VI – VIII 10 Questions

Principles of Language Learning
Inclusion of differently-abled children
Methodology of Curriculum Transaction

4. Language Literature and culture. 10 Questions

Books and Authors
Functional Grammar
Proverbs
Trends in Literature
Foreign Contribution in Tamil Literature
Tamil Festivals and Folk Arts

KANNADA 30 Questions

Reading comprehension – Prose 5 Questions

Comprehension of Theme
Interpretation
Inference

2. Reading comprehension –Poem 5 Questions

Comprehension of Theme
Poetic images
Poetic emotions and feelings
Imaginating elements

3. Pedagogical aspects of Kannada Language – Class 6 to 8 10 Questions

Principles of Language Learning
Classroom Practices
Inclusion of differently-abled children
Methodology of curriculum transaction

4. History of Language, Literature, and Culture 10 Questions

Idioms, Phrases, and Usages
Functional grammar
Proverbs
Rhythms
History and Forms of Literature

III. LANGUAGE II: MALAYALAM/ENGLISH/HINDI/ARABIC/URDU/SANSKRIT

ENGLISH: 30 Questions

Language Comprehension 15 Questions

One or two unfamiliar passages or poems with questions on comprehension, inference, vocabulary, and elements of grammar.
A few questions to evaluate knowledge of basic grammar, such as
- Article
- Concord
- Question tags
- Prepositions
- Tense and time
- Modal Auxiliaries
- Phrasal verbs and idioms
- Degrees of comparison
- Active and passive voice
- Reported speech
- Language functions
- Error identification

2. Pedagogy of Language Development (15 Questions)

Language Acquisition and Learning – Theories and their classroom implications.
Principles of Language Teaching
Problems and challenges in the language classrooms
Language skills – strategies to develop them
Teaching learning materials – Textbook, ICT and other teaching aids.
Assessment – Self, Peer, Teacher
Strategies for teaching children with special needs (CWSN)

HINDI: 30 Questions

Pedagogy of language development. 15 Questions

Concepts and processes in language learning and acquisition.
Developments – principles of language teaching.
Role of listening and speaking.
Functions of language and how children use it as a tool in formal and informal situations.
Role of grammar in learning language for communicating ideas verbally and in written forms-critical perspective.
Challenges in language teaching.
Diverse classroom – errors and disorders.
Language skills.
Evaluation in language learning-comprehension and proficiency.
Teaching-learning material-other resource materials to be used in classrooms.
Remedial measures to be taken in language class.
Creating proper interactive situations in language classrooms.
Competence of a teacher in selecting proper extended materials in language classrooms.
Various forms of presentation of discourses in language classrooms.
How to address the special needs of differently abled children in language classrooms.

2. Language Comprehension Questions (15 Questions)

Reading unseen passages (prose, poem) and elements of language
Questions to be asked based on the poem given to test the competence to comprehend ideas and enjoy the poetic emotions and feelings, imaginative elements, ideas, and views beyond the lines, particular forms of composition, etc.
Questions on the given prose or drama to test the competency for comprehension, interpretation, and language usage.
Language elements like the structure of sentences, the combination of words, usage of words in various situations, idioms in use, and basic grammar.
History & Culture of Languages – Major landmarks – developments of modern prose (Discourses)

IV.A SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS: 60 Questions

SCIENCE: 30 Questions

Content 20 Questions

Seed Germination

Steps of seed germination.
Plant adaptations.
Pest-pest control.
Chemical and biological pest control.

Cell Structure

Cell structure.
Cell organelles.
Types of tissues.
Organ system.
Levels of organization.

Common Diseases

Microorganisms.
Mode of disease transmission.
Preventive measures.

Environmental Pollution

Different types of pollution.
Bio-degradable and non-biodegradable pollutants.
Plastic waste.

Cardiovascular System

Heart -blood-lymph
Arteries- veins- capillaries
Cardiovascular diseases

Cellular Equilibrium

Osmosis-diffusion-active transport
Cellular equilibrium

Excretion Process

Kidney-skin.

Plant Reproduction

Agents of pollination
Seed dispersal
Types of fruits.

Animal Nutrition

Human digestive system
Indigenous food
Food adulteration.

Human Nervous System

Brain-nervous disorders.

Body Structure

Human skeletal system
Joints
First aid.

Modern Agriculture

Hybrid varieties of plants
Crop rotation
Nitrogen fixation
Vegetative propagation- (budding, grafting, layering)
Tissue culture
Plant nutrition
Chemical and bio fertilizers
Integrated farming
Pisciculture- sericulture- epiculture
Plant diseases-plant disease control measures
Agricultural garden- agricultural research institutes.
Indigenous varieties of animals- hybrid varieties of animals.
Taxonomy
Two kingdoms and five-kingdom classification
Binomial nomenclature.

Ecosystems

Food chain- food web- positive and negative interactions.

Biodiversity

Conservation of biodiversity
Biosphere reserve- national park- zoological park- gene bank-
Endemic species
Hot spot- sustainable development.

Properties of Light: Transparent and Opaque Objects

Reflection of light, mirror types, solar and lunar eclipses, satellite/orbital mechanics, information technology, and spherical mirror image formation.

The Solar System: Sun, planets, satellites, asteroids, meteorites, and comets.

Simple Machines: Principles of inclined planes, pulleys, levers, fulcrums, mechanical advantage, and electromagnetism.

Magnetism: Magnetic properties, real-world applications, and Earth's magnetic field.

Energy: Various forms of energy, fuel types, conservation laws, potential vs. kinetic energy, and evaporation processes.

Thermal Expansion: Density changes, heat transfer, land and sea breezes, atmospheric/fluid pressure, and thermometry.

Static Electricity: Frictional electricity, electroscopes, earthing, lightning safety, and conductor/insulator properties.

Sound: Wave production, characteristics, propagation, sonic technology (SONAR/ultrasound), noise pollution, and musical acoustics.

Motion: Uniform and non-uniform speed, velocity, acceleration, Newton’s Laws of Motion, and the pros/cons of friction.

Thermal Conductivity: Radiation, insulation materials, and everyday applications.

Basic Concepts of Force: Force types, inertia, mass, thrust, pressure, surface area relationships, and barometric atmospheric measurement.

Mixtures & Chemistry: Separation techniques, characteristics of acids and bases, reactions with metals/carbonates, neutralization, and pH scales.

Metals: Metal properties and corrosion prevention strategies.

Cosmetics Chemistry

Chemical Reactions: Classification of reactions, day-to-day chemistry, atomic structure, Dalton’s model, Bohr’s atomic model, atomic numbers, octet configurations, bonding, valency, and ions.

2. Pedagogy: 10 Questions

Approaches to the science curriculum, criticism of contemporary science education, aims and objectives of science education, and science literacy.
Approaches of science education: Taxonomy of science education.
Knowledge domain
Problem-solving skills-creativity domain-attitudinal domain-application domain
Scientific inquiry
Pedagogic strategies-activity-based – collaborative and cooperative learning.
Significance of the history of science
Significance of the laboratory
Evaluation, CCE, assessment of performance
Scientific attitude
Methods of science teaching
Role of the science teacher
Teaching and learning aids
Psychological basis of science learning

MATHEMATICS: 30 Questions

The examination covers the Kerala State Mathematics syllabus for classes 6 to 8, with complex problems extending toward the Higher Secondary stage. Details are as follows:

Content

Arithmetic
Fractions: Different forms of the same fraction and reduction to lowest terms. Operations on fractions. Representation of certain fractions as terminating decimals. Operations on such decimals.
Percent: Concept of per cent and its relation to fractions. Applications of per cent in monetary transactions, such as interest (simple and compound), profit and loss, and discount.
Average: Average as a representative number of a group of numbers. Computation of average. Quick computation of the change in average when one number of the group is replaced by another. Average of combined groups
Negative Numbers: Use of negative numbers in certain physical contexts, such as temperature and scoring. Fundamental operations of negative numbers. Use of negative numbers in algebra.
Exponentiation: Exponentiation is repeated multiplication. Positive integral powers. Multiplication and division of numbers expressed as powers. Meaning of negative powers and their use in simplification.
Ratio and Proportion: Ratios for comparing two or more magnitudes using a common unit. Multiple interpretations of comparisons involving ratios. Uses of the idea in such contexts as comparing different types in a group, different ingredients in a mixture, monetary division, aspect ratio in geometry and so on. Proportion is a change of quantities without changing the ratio. The idea of the constant of proportion. Inverse proportion is proportionality with the reciprocal. The equations y = kx and y =. Use of these ideas in physics, such as in elasticity, levers and gravitation.
Time and Distance: The concept of average speed. The relation between time, distance and average speed. Finding the average speed of trips done in two parts in various cases, such as when the distance in both parts is equal, and when the time for both parts is the same.
Algebra: Use of algebra to express unchanging relations between changing physical quantities. Algebraic expressions are shorthand for arithmetical operations on unspecified numbers. General properties of arithmetic operations, especially products of sums and differences as algebraic identities. Formulation and solution of a linear equation in one unknown, arising from certain physical and mathematical contexts.
Geometry
Angles: Angle as a measure of slant and as a measure of spread. The degree measure of an angle by dividing a circle into 360 equal sectors. The perpendicularity relation between the four angles made by two intersecting lines.
Parallel Lines: A pair of parallel lines as lines keeping the same distance throughout, and as lines having the same slant with a third line. Characterization of a pair of parallel lines in terms of various pairs of angles from the eight angles made by intersection with a third line. The sum of the angles of a triangle and polygons.
Triangles: Area of a triangle in terms of base and height. Drawing triangles according to some specified measures. Cases where two different triangles are possible, and no triangle is possible. The concept of congruency of triangles, Sufficient conditions for two triangles to be congruent, such as having lengths of all three sides equal, lengths of two sides and the included angle equal, and lengths of one side and the two angles on it equal. Various applications of these ideas, such as proving properties of parallelograms and isosceles triangles, drawing the perpendicular bisector of a line and the bisector of an angle.
Quadrilaterals: Classification of quadrilaterals as rectangle, square, parallelogram, rhombus, and trapezium and their various characterizations. Drawing these types of quadrilaterals of specified measures. Areas of various types of quadrilaterals.
Solids: The idea of a rectangular prism. Its volume and surface area.
Statistics
Graphical Representation: Represent numerical data as pictographs, bar graphs, multiple bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. Drawing inferences from such graphs.
Tabular Representation: Represent numerical data as a frequency table.

Pedagogy

Nature of Mathematics – Abstraction, Understanding children’s thinking and reasoning. Language of Mathematics.
Place of Mathematics in Curriculum – Aims and objectives of learning mathematics in primary classes -Values of mathematics learning. Correlation with other subjects, Lower primary and Upper primary Mathematics curriculum
Mathematics – Trends and Developments – Historical development of mathematics. History of great mathematicians and their contributions
Approach to Mathematics Learning – Proper learning experiences, keeping in mind the characteristics of children, their natural learning capacity and the learning process of the child. Theoretical Base of Learning Mathematics
Learning of Mathematics – Strategies and Methods – learning strategies- Concept attainment, Process-oriented approach, Projects, Seminars, Field trip, etc. Different teaching-learning methods –Inductive and deductive method, Analytic and Synthetic method, Project Method, laboratory method. Planning of a lesson
Learning Materials in Mathematics – Textbook and Handbooks, Information technology, Mathematics club, Mathematics Laboratory, Mathematics fair, Mathematics library. Mathematics collection – a collection of mathematical puzzles, riddles, etc.
Mathematics Learning – Evaluation – Concept of a continuous and comprehensive evaluation, Evaluation activities, Grading the performance and recording the results. Diagnosis, Remedial Teaching and Error Analysis.

(B) SOCIAL SCIENCE 60 Questions

(i) HISTORY: 12 Questions

Stone Age was the beginning of agriculture
Civilizations – Egypt, China, Mesopotamia, Harappa
Industrial and agrarian revolutions, capitalism
Socialism, labour movements and labour struggles
Colonialism in India
Struggles of peasants, workers, tribals, women, sepoys, poligars, rulers and chieftains
Revolt of 1857
Social reform movements of India
Indian national movement and Gandhian era.
Movements for social change, peasant struggles and national movement in modern Kerala

(ii) GEOGRAPHY: 12 Questions

Planets and other heavenly bodies
Size, shape, the interior structure of the earth, seasons and temperature zones
Latitude, longitude and time
Maps and their types, scale, topographical maps, globe
Climate & weather, temperature, pressure, rainfall and winds
India – Relief, climate, drainage, vegetation
India – Resources, agriculture, industry, transport, population
Kerala – Physiography, drainage, agriculture, transport, human life
Environmental problems and conservative measures.

(iii) ECONOMICS: 8 Questions

Economic growth, development and human development – concepts and trends
Five-Year Plans
Agriculture, food security and poverty
Traditional industries of Kerala
Money and banking
Demographic trends – India and Kerala
Globalization and India

(iv) POLITICAL SCIENCE: 8 Questions

Democracy
People and state Governments
Political parties – Types and functions
Election Process and the Role of the Election Commission
Local Self Governments

(v) SOCIAL SCIENCE PEDAGOGY: 20 Questions

Nature, scope, importance and correlation
National goals, aims & objectives of instruction
Curriculum – trends, principles & organizations
Analysis and planning of instruction.
Types of learners and requirements for learning
Learning resources and co-curricular activities
Purpose and modern trends of evaluation
Methods, approaches & techniques of instruction
Characteristics of modern instructional strategies

KTET Category III Exam Pattern -(Secondary School Classes)

Candidates targeting high school teaching positions must master the KTET Category III pattern. The exam consists of 150 questions (150 marks) across three sections: Adolescent Psychology & Teaching Strategy (40 questions), Language Proficiency (30 questions), and Topic-Based Specialized Knowledge (80 questions).

The psychology section focuses on effective pedagogy for adolescent learners, while the specialization section serves as the core evaluation of your subject mastery.

KTET Category III Exam Pattern -(Secondary School Classes)
S. No	Subject	No. of Questions	Marks
1	Adolescence Psychology Study/ Teaching Strategy	40	40
2	Tamil/Kannada/Malayalam/English	30	30
3	Topic-Based Questions	80	80
Total		150	150

KTET Category IV Exam Pattern -(High School Classes)

KTET Category IV is tailored for language teachers (Arabic, Hindi, Sanskrit, Urdu up to UP level) and specialist instructors in Arts, Crafts, and Physical Education. The 150-mark paper includes Child Development & Cognitive Science (30 marks), Language Proficiency (40 marks), and Subject-Specific Expertise (80 marks), ensuring both pedagogical readiness and technical proficiency.

KTET Category IV Exam Pattern -(High School Classes)
S. No	Subject	No. of Questions	Marks
1	Child Development / Cognitive Science	30	30
2	Tamil/Kannada/Malayalam/English	40	40
3	Topic-Based Questions	80	80
Total		150	150

KTET Syllabus 2026 Download PDF

Download the official KTET 2026 Syllabus PDF via the links provided above. Each category (1 through 4) has a tailored syllabus that reflects the specific requirements for Lower Primary, Upper Primary, High School, and Specialized teaching roles.

Paper Name	Download Syllabus PDF
KTET Category 1	KTET 2026 Category 1 Syllabus
KTET Category 2	KTET 2026 Category II Syllabus
KTET Category 3	KTET 2026 Category III Syllabus
KTET Category 4	KTET 2026 Category IV Syllabus

KTET Syllabus 2026: Detailed Exam Pattern & Official PDF Download