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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4: Agriculture - CBSE Notes

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026
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Master Class 10 Geography Chapter 4, Agriculture, with comprehensive NCERT Solutions developed by our subject matter experts. Ace your CBSE board examinations with our structured study materials and precise chapter notes.

Agriculture- NCERT Solutions Class 10 SST Geography Chapter 4 Notes

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4: Agriculture are provided here to help you achieve academic excellence. These solutions are the ultimate resource for your CBSE board preparation, covering all in-text questions and exercise problems. Our expert faculty at Result91 has meticulously crafted these explanations to ensure a deep conceptual understanding of the agricultural sector, helping students secure high marks. Continue your academic journey with Result91.

Read: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

Agriculture- Class 10 NCERT Solutions SST Geography Chapter 4: Quick Revision

Before diving into the exercise questions, let's briefly review the key concepts and subtopics covered in Chapter 4 of the Class 10 Social Science Geography curriculum.

  1. Types of farming
  2. Cropping Pattern
  3. Major Crops
  4. Food Crops other than Grains
  5. Non Food Crops
  6. Technological and Institutional Reforms
  7. Contribution of agriculture to the national economy, employment and output
  8. Impact of Globalisation on agriculture

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 SST Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Pdf

We have provided the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 in PDF format for convenient offline study. Click here to download the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 4: Agriculture.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 SST Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Question Answer

1. Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Which of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture

Ans: (b) Plantation Agriculture
(ii) Which of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice (b) Gram (c) Millets (d) Cotton

Ans: (b) Gram
(iii) Which of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses (b) Jowar (c) Millets (d) Sesamum

Ans: (a) Pulses
2. Answer the following questions in 30 words.
(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.

Ans: An important beverage crop is tea.

The geographical conditions required for the growth of tea are as follows:

1. CLIMATE: Tea thrives in tropical and sub-tropical climates with high temperatures, a long growing season, and frequent, heavy rainfall. An ideal growing season requires a temperature of approximately 21°C for at least eight months.

2. SOIL: Tea requires fertile, well-drained soil. A light, friable soil with a porous subsoil is preferred to prevent waterlogging, as tea plants are sensitive to stagnant water. Slightly acidic soils that are rich in organic matter and devoid of calcium are ideal.

3. SHADE: Tea shrubs grow best when protected from direct, intense sunlight and strong winds. It is common practice in plantations to intersperse large trees among tea shrubs to provide necessary shade.

4. LABOUR: Tea cultivation is labor-intensive, involving year-round tasks such as manuring, weeding, pruning, and picking. Skill and patience are required for picking, which is why skilled labor is often preferred.
5. RELIEF: Most commercial tea plantations are located on highlands and hill slopes to ensure excellent natural drainage. Since tea cannot tolerate waterlogging, low-lying areas are unsuitable.

(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.

Ans: Rice is a primary staple crop in India. It is extensively cultivated in West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu, where the climatic conditions are highly favorable for its growth.

(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.

Ans: Following is a list of the various institutional reform initiatives put forth by the government on behalf of farmers:
A)The availability of crop insurance against disease, fire, cyclone, flood, and drought.
B)The Government of India has introduced the Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) programmes for the benefit of farmers.
(C) In addition, radio and television have started airing special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers.
(D) The creation of Grameen banks, cooperative societies, and banks to offer farmers loan facilities at lower interest rates.
(E) In order to stop middlemen and speculators from taking advantage of farmers, the government also announced minimum support prices, remunerative prices, and procurement prices.

(iv) The land under cultivation is decreasing daily. Can you imagine its consequences?

Effects of reducing agricultural land include:
(i)India will go from a country with a surplus of food to one with a food shortage.
(ii)The impoverished farmers will become even poorer, which would cause a rapid increase in the price of agricultural products.
(iii)India would experience a shortage of raw materials for its industries dependent on agriculture.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Suggest initiatives taken by the government to increase agricultural production.

Ans: The Indian government has taken a number of actions to ensure an increase in agricultural production. They include:
1. In order to implement institutional reforms in the nation after independence, collectivization, holdings consolidation, cooperation, and the zamindari system removal, among other things, were given priority.
2. The “First Five-Year Plan” placed the greatest emphasis on land reform.
3. The Green Revolution and the White Revolution were two initiatives made to improve the state of Indian agriculture. The Green Revolution was based on the use of package technology.
4.  A few more reforms implemented by the Indian government include the Minimum Support Price policy, a provision for crop insurance, subsidies on agricultural inputs and resources including power and fertilizer, Grameen Banks, Kissan Credit Cards, and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme.

(ii) Describe the impact of globalization on Indian agriculture.

Since the days of the British colonies, the effects of globalization have been felt in Indian agriculture. Species and raw cotton were significant exports from India. Indian farmers rebelled in 1917 in Champaran at having to plant indigo instead of food crops so that they could feed the booming textile industry in Britain with dye. Thus, both benefits and drawbacks of globalization have affected Indian agriculture.
South Indian farmers were encouraged to develop these crops since Indian spices were sold to numerous nations worldwide. It continues to be a significant Indian export to this day. The farmers in India have faced additional difficulties as a result of globalization, especially since 1990. Despite being a significant producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute, and spices, the developed countries’ heavily subsidized agriculture makes it difficult for our agricultural products to compete with theirs.
Farmers in India now confront new difficulties as a result of competition from rich countries’ heavily subsidized crops. This highlights the need to improve small-scale and marginal farmer conditions, mitigate the negative effects of the Green Revolution, develop and promote organic farming, and diversify cropping patterns away from cereals and toward high-value crops in order to make Indian agriculture successful and profitable.
Positive impact-
1. Increased productivity.
2. New technology in farming.
3. Fruits, nuts, and vegetables that were formerly imported from abroad are now produced in our locations and exported, increasing foreign exchange.
Negative impacts –
1. fewer farm workers and increased unemployment in rural areas
ii. Expensive
iii. Widening of the gap between wealthy and poor farmers
iv. High cost, high debt, and high loss are all results of high cost. Farmers’ only choice is suicide if their crop fails.

(iii) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.

The following geographical parameters are essential for successful rice cultivation:

  1. Climate – A hot, humid atmosphere is necessary for rice production. It works best in areas with high humidity, continuous sunshine, and a reliable supply of water. The crop needs an average temperature between 21 and 37℃ for the duration of its life. 400°C to 42°C is the highest temperature the crop can tolerate.
  2. Soil – The floodplains and deltaic regions’ rich alluvial soils, which are replenished each year, are perfect for growing rice.
  3. Rain- During the early months of its growing season, from June to July, rice needs enough rainfall or a good water supply from irrigation and flooded fields.
  4. Irrigation – rice grows with the help of irrigation where rain is not meet the adequate requirement. Crops may now be grown thanks to the development of an extensive network of tube wells and canal irrigation systems.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture- FAQs

Q. What is agriculture class 10 short answer?
Two-thirds of India’s people work in agriculture, which is also the main source of the raw materials used by a variety of industries. Agriculture is the practice of producing crops in varied, organized ways that contribute to the production of food made from the same sorts of plants that are grown in a particular location. The crops that are grown are also used to buy and sell food.
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