Chemistry

Mass and Charge of Electron, Proton, and Neutron: Key Constants Explained

R
Virat
Updated: Aug 12, 2026
7 MIN READ
The electron has a mass of approximately 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg or 5.486 × 10⁻⁴ daltons. This mass is equivalent to an energy of roughly 0.511 MeV. Explore the properties and charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons below.

Mass of Electron

The mass of a stationary electron, often called its invariant mass, is a fundamental physical constant. It weighs approximately 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kilograms, or 5.486 × 10⁻⁴ daltons. In terms of energy, an electron's mass is equivalent to 0.511 MeV. Compared to protons and neutrons, electrons are nearly massless and are typically excluded when calculating an atom's mass number. The electron, carrying a negative charge of 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs, is the lightest stable subatomic particle.

Mass of Electron in KG and Mev

An electron weighs approximately 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kilograms or 5.486 × 10⁻⁴ daltons, corresponding to an energy of about 0.511 MeV.

Mass of Electron in AMU

The mass of an electron is approximately 0.00055 amu.

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Mass of Electron is Equal to

Discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897 while studying cathode rays, the electron transformed our understanding of atomic structure. In neutral atoms, the number of negatively charged electrons balances the positive charge of the nucleus. Atoms can become ions if they lose or gain electrons. In plasma, electrons may exist in a free state. Within an atom, electrons occupy organized orbitals maintained by electrostatic attraction to the nucleus. These orbitals are arranged in shells, with electrons in inner shells held more tightly than those in outer orbitals. The total configuration of these electrons defines an atom's size and chemical properties.

Electron Charge

The electron charge is a fundamental scientific constant, valued at approximately 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs. This elementary charge is shared by all stable subatomic particles. While quarks possess fractional charges of 1/3 or 2/3, they are always confined within larger particles like protons and neutrons.

Mass of Electron, Proton and Neutron

The mass and charge of electrons, protons, and neutrons are detailed below.

Mass of Electron

*electron mass = 9.10938356 × 10-31 kilograms

*The proton is a stable subatomic particle with a rest mass of approximately 1.6726 × 10⁻²⁷ kg and a positive charge equal to the magnitude of an electron's charge. A proton is roughly 1,836 times heavier than an electron. Protons and neutrons make up the atomic nucleus; the number of protons identifies the element's atomic number and its position on the periodic table.

Charge on Electron

The charge on an electron is approximately -1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs. This negative charge is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the positive charge of a proton (+1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C). These charges are fundamental constants that govern the electromagnetic interactions of matter at the atomic level.

Mass of Proton

Similarly, the charge of a proton is approximately +1.6022 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs.

*Until 1932, scientists believed only protons and electrons were fundamental particles. James Chadwick then discovered the neutron by bombarding beryllium with alpha particles. Observing neutral radiation that could not be deflected by electric fields, he concluded these particles had no charge, thus confirming the existence of the neutron.

Charge of Proton

The charge of a proton is approximately +1 elementary charge, or 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs. Often denoted as "e," this unit is essential in particle physics. Protons, located in the nucleus, carry this positive charge, balancing the -1e charge of orbiting electrons.

Mass of Neutron

The neutron is an electrically neutral subatomic particle. A free neutron has a mass of approximately 1.6749 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, or 939.57 MeV/c². In particle physics, mass and energy units are often used interchangeably.

Charge of Neutron

Neutrons, symbolized as "n," are neutral subatomic particles found in the atomic nucleus alongside protons. Together, protons and neutrons are called nucleons. While protons carry a +1 charge and electrons carry a -1 charge, neutrons contribute to atomic mass without affecting the net electric charge of the atom.

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